Instead of perturbing each pixel in the input image at random, we can choose to dither by a predetermined amount depending on the pixel’s position in the image. This can be achieved using a threshold map; a small, fixed-size matrix where each entry tells us the amount by which to perturb the input value , producing the dithered value . This matrix is tiled across the input image and sampled for every pixel during the dithering process. The following describes a dithering function for a 4×4 matrix given the pixel raster coordinates :
據此，宋高祖向BBC分析，對北京而言，與歐洲接觸是一種務實選擇，用來抵銷來自美國的壓力，並將自身塑造為更穩定的全球力量。這有助於北京將自己定位為國際秩序的捍衛者，「強調與德國的直接雙邊關係，可能比透過歐盟的集體機制為中國創造更多操作空間。」
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Nasa says the earliest the rocket can blast off is 6 February, but there are also more launch windows later that month, as well as in March and April.
Cylindrical "forearms" house small electric motors, known as actuators, which pull on metal tendons that move the fingers with precision.